Statistical
Excel 2010
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=CHISQ.TEST()
The CHISQ.TEXT function returns the test for independence. It returns the value from the chi-squared (χ2) distribution for the statistic and the appropriate degrees of freedom. You can use χ2 tests to determine whether hypothesized results are verified by an experiment.
Applies To:
Excel for Microsoft 365Excel for Microsoft 365 for MacExcel 2024Excel 2024 for MacExcel 2021Excel 2021 for MacExcel 2019Excel 2016
=CHISQ.TEST(actual_range,expected_range)
Hover argument names in the table for details.
Output typeNumber
Popularity10 / 100
VolatileNo
Dynamic ArrayNo
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◧ Arguments
| Argument | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
actual_range |
Range | Required | The range of data that contains observations to test against expected values. |
expected_range |
Range | Required | The range of data that contains the ratio of the product of row totals and column totals to the grand total. |
▣ Examples
آمارهٔ χ2 برای دادههای فوق ۱۶٫۱۶۹۵۷ با ۲ درجه آزادی است
=CHISQ.TEST(A2:B4,A6:B8)
✦ Tips
- The χ2 test first calculates a χ2 statistic using the formula: where: Aij = actual frequency in the i-th row, j-th column Eij = expected frequency in the i-th row, j-th column r = number or rows c = number of columns
- A low value of χ2 is an indicator of independence. As can be seen from the formula, χ2 is always positive or 0, and is 0 only if Aij = Eij for every i,j.
- Use of CHISQ.TEST is most appropriate when Eij’s are not too small. Some statisticians suggest that each Eij should be greater than or equal to 5.
⚠ Common Errors
#N/A
If actual_range and expected_range have a different number of data points, CHISQ.TEST returns the #N/A error value. If r = 1 and c > 1, then df = c - 1 or if r > 1 and c = 1, then df = r - 1. r = c= 1 is not allowed and #N/A is returned.
Fix: Make the two ranges the same size
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